Overview
Evidence Based Practice Diagram
Levels of Evidence
Hierarchy of Evidence
Level I - Evidence from a systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or three+ RCTs of good quality with similar results.
Level II - Evidence from at least one well-designed RCTs
Level III - Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization (i.e. quasi-experimental).
Level IV - Evidence from well-designed case-control or cohort studies
Level V - Evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
Level VI - Evidence from single descriptive or qualitative studies
Level VII - Evidence from the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
Ackley, B. J., Swan, B. A., Ladwig, G., & Tucker, S. (2008). Evidence-based Nursing Care Guidelines: Medical-surgical Interventions. (p. 7). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Evidence Based Practice
Measurement Tools
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NCBI. Integrating Pain Management in Clinical PracticeJamison RN, Edwards RR. Integrating pain management in clinical practice. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2012;19(1):49-64. doi:10.1007/s10880-012-9295-2
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Northwest University/NIH. PROMIS.Obtain & Administer Measures
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U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VHA Pain ManagementPain Measurements, drawing, numeric rating scale, Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Complete Assessment, - West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory. and more
Types of Resources
Haynes RB. Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries and systems: the “5S" evolution of services for evidence-based health care decisions. ACP J Club. 2006 Nov-Dec;145(3):A8-9.
PICO (T)
P = Patient or Problem - Patients age 65 and older with high blood pressure
I = Intervention - Patient education
C = Comparison - No patient education
O = Outcome - Patient participation in exercise
NIH. National Library of Medicine.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/pubmed/pubmed_in_ebp/02-100.html
PPAARE
Problem, Patient, Action, Alternative, Patient Results, Evidence
PROMs
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NCBI. Patient-Reported Outcomes: A New Era in Clinical ResearchDeshpande PR, Rajan S, Sudeepthi BL, Abdul Nazir CP. Patient-reported outcomes: A new era in clinical research. Perspect Clin Res. 2011;2(4):137-144. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.86879
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NCBI Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)Weldring T, Smith SM. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Health Serv Insights. 2013;6:61-68. Published 2013 Aug 4. doi:10.4137/HSI.S11093
Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Qualitative versus Quantitative
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Xavier University Library. Qualitative vs Quantitative ResearchChart of comparison
Sources Recommended by Professor Wise
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Cochrane LibraryOnly free access portion
Tutorials from other Libraries
Librarian

websites
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Connecticut State Department of Public Health.Where to Find Evidence-Based Methods and Interventions
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U.S> Department of Health and Human Services. Pain Management Best Practices: Final Reportpage 143 Acupuncture, message therapies, yoga, etc.